An official website of the Disclosure Foundation
RecordsObservablesOriginsClaimsScoringOnboardDocs

Records

The unit of record

Observables

Detection

Origins

Classification

Claims

Attribution

Scoring

Evaluation

Onboard

Bring your dataset

Docs

Implement the standard

GitHub

Open standards and tools for UAP research.

RecordsObservablesOriginsClaimsScoringOnboardDocsGitHubDonate

© 2026 Disclosure Foundation. All rights reserved.

The Standard · Part 3 of 5 — Classification

Origins

A catalog of explanations, from the mundane to the exotic, where every possible cause has its own permanent place in one shared tree — and a flag for what science can test.

@disclosureos/originsDocumentation

One tree, every explanation

The Origin Classification System organizes 96 hypotheses into a single tree across three domains. Broad domains branch down to 72 specific explanations at the ends of the branches, the level a case is actually classified to, and 82 of the 96 are flagged as scientifically testable. Every explanation, conventional or exotic, gets a permanent place in one shared catalog instead of becoming an argument. A misidentified drone and an extraterrestrial craft live in the same tree, three branches apart.

Adapted framework

The OCS adapts Col. Karl Nell (U.S. Army, ret.)’s Proposed Taxonomy of UAP Origin Hypotheses, presented at the Sol Foundation Symposium, Stanford University, November 2023. The three-domain structure (Physical, Psychosocial, Metaphysical) follows that framework.

1

Physical

55 nodes · all testable

Theories attributing UAP to tangible, material objects or phenomena.

  • 1.1Intradimensional21 nodes

    Manifestations from dimensions/realms within our own physical reality.

  • 1.2Extradimensional13 nodes

    UAPs from other dimensions, parallel universes, or realms beyond our physical reality.

  • 1.3Interdimensional17 nodes

    UAPs traversing between different dimensions or realities.

2

Psychosocial

19 nodes · all testable

Theories attributing UAP to psychological, perceptual, and sociological factors.

  • 2.1Sociological5 nodes

    Social dynamics, group phenomena, and cultural factors producing UAP reports.

  • 2.2Psychological5 nodes

    Individual psychological processes producing UAP perceptions.

  • 2.3Neurological5 nodes

    Neurobiological factors producing anomalous perceptions.

3

Metaphysical

22 nodes · 8 testable

Theories with origins beyond conventional scientific understanding.

  • 3.1Paranormal6 nodes

    Phenomena involving extraordinary human potential or non-material entities.

  • 3.2Occultnot testable6 nodes

    Hidden knowledge traditions and reality models outside mainstream science.

  • 3.3Transcendentalnot testable6 nodes

    Religious, spiritual, and theological explanations for UAP.

From hypothesis to claim

A record never asserts an origin directly. Instead, an evaluator makes a claim that names one explanation from this tree as its primaryHypothesis, with a confidence between 0 and 1 and, optionally, weighted alternatives. When evaluators disagree, their competing classifications coexist on the same record — how that works is Part 4: Claims.

Part 2 of 5ObservablesDetectionPart 4 of 5ClaimsAttribution